Lacteal

Lacteal is a term used in anatomy and physiology to refer to the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine. These structures are part of the lymphatic system and play a crucial role in the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system.

Structure

Lacteals are located in the villi of the small intestine. Each villus contains a network of capillaries and a single lacteal. The capillaries absorb most nutrients, but fats and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed by the lacteals.

Function

The primary function of the lacteals is to transport dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system to the rest of the body. These substances are first absorbed by the enterocytes, the cells lining the small intestine. They are then reassembled into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons, which are released into the lacteals. The lacteals transport the chylomicrons to the larger lymphatic vessels, which eventually drain into the bloodstream.

Clinical significance

Diseases that affect the lacteals can lead to malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins, resulting in various nutritional deficiencies. For example, in celiac disease, the villi and lacteals of the small intestine are damaged, impairing fat absorption. In tropical sprue, the lacteals may be blocked, leading to a similar outcome.

See also

• Lymphatic system
• Digestive system
• Small intestine
• Villus
• Chylomicron

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