Chyle

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Chyle is a milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids (FFAs). It is formed in the small intestine during the digestion of fatty foods and is taken up by lymph vessels specifically known as lacteals. Chyle is then transported through the lymphatic system to the thoracic duct, where it enters the bloodstream.

Formation and Composition

Chyle is produced in the small intestine, where dietary fats are broken down by bile and pancreatic enzymes. The resulting fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by the enterocytes (intestinal cells) and reassembled into triglycerides. These triglycerides are then packaged into chylomicrons, which are lipoprotein particles. The chylomicrons enter the lacteals, which are specialized lymphatic capillaries in the villi of the small intestine.

Transport through the Lymphatic System

Once inside the lacteals, chyle is transported through the lymphatic system. It passes through various lymph nodes, where it is filtered and immune cells can interact with any pathogens present. The chyle eventually reaches the thoracic duct, the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, which empties into the left subclavian vein, allowing the chyle to enter the bloodstream.

Clinical Significance

Chyle plays a crucial role in the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Disorders of chyle transport can lead to medical conditions such as chylothorax, where chyle accumulates in the pleural cavity, or chylous ascites, where it accumulates in the abdominal cavity. These conditions can result from trauma, malignancies, or congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system.

Related Conditions

• Chylothorax: Accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity.
• Chylous ascites: Accumulation of chyle in the abdominal cavity.
• Lymphangiectasia: Dilation of the lymphatic vessels, which can lead to leakage of chyle.

See Also

• Lymph
• Lymphatic system
• Thoracic duct
• Lacteal
• Chylomicron