Lake Okeechobee

File:Lake Okeechobee Surf in April 2016.ogg

Lake Okeechobee is the largest freshwater lake in the state of Florida, United States. It is the second-largest natural freshwater lake contained entirely within the contiguous 48 states, second only to Lake Michigan. The name "Okeechobee" comes from the Hitchiti words "oka" (water) and "chobi" (big), meaning "big water."

Geography

Lake Okeechobee is located in the southern part of Florida, covering an area of approximately 730 square miles (1,900 km²). It has an average depth of 9 feet (2.7 meters) and a maximum depth of 12 feet (3.7 meters). The lake is roughly circular in shape, with a diameter of about 30 miles (48 km).

The lake is bordered by five counties: Glades, Okeechobee, Martin, Palm Beach, and Hendry. The Herbert Hoover Dike surrounds the lake, providing flood protection to the surrounding areas.

Hydrology

Lake Okeechobee is a crucial component of the Everglades ecosystem. It receives water from the Kissimmee River to the north and discharges water through a series of canals and rivers, including the Caloosahatchee River to the west and the St. Lucie River to the east. The lake also plays a significant role in the South Florida Water Management District's efforts to manage water resources in the region.

Ecology

The lake supports a diverse range of wildlife, including numerous species of fish, birds, and reptiles. It is a popular destination for recreational fishing, with species such as largemouth bass, bluegill, and black crappie being commonly caught. The lake's marshes and wetlands provide important habitat for wading birds, such as the great blue heron and the roseate spoonbill.

History

Lake Okeechobee has a rich history, with evidence of human habitation dating back thousands of years. The Calusa and Tequesta tribes were among the early inhabitants of the region. In the 20th century, the lake became a focal point for agricultural development, particularly for sugarcane and vegetable farming.

The lake has also been the site of several significant hurricanes, including the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, which caused widespread devastation and loss of life. In response to these events, the United States Army Corps of Engineers constructed the Herbert Hoover Dike to provide flood protection.

Environmental Concerns

Lake Okeechobee faces several environmental challenges, including nutrient pollution, invasive species, and water management issues. Nutrient runoff from agricultural activities has led to algal blooms and degraded water quality. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues through initiatives such as the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.

Recreation

The lake is a popular destination for outdoor activities, including boating, fishing, and birdwatching. The Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail (LOST) is a 109-mile (175 km) trail that encircles the lake, offering opportunities for hiking, biking, and wildlife viewing.

See Also

• Everglades
• Kissimmee River
• Herbert Hoover Dike
• 1928 Okeechobee hurricane
• South Florida Water Management District