Lamellipodia

Lamellipodia are thin, sheet-like protrusions that extend from the surface of certain cell types. They are essential for cell migration, and are also involved in other cellular processes such as phagocytosis and adhesion.

Structure

Lamellipodia are composed of a dense network of actin filaments. These filaments are constantly being assembled and disassembled, which allows the lamellipodia to extend and retract. The actin network in lamellipodia is organized in a branched pattern, with new filaments branching off from existing ones. This structure is maintained by a group of proteins known as the Arp2/3 complex.

Function

The primary function of lamellipodia is to drive cell migration. They do this by extending out from the cell surface and adhering to the extracellular matrix or other cells. The cell then contracts, pulling itself forward. This process is repeated many times, allowing the cell to move.

Lamellipodia are also involved in phagocytosis, a process by which cells engulf and digest foreign particles or dead cells. In this case, the lamellipodia extend around the particle or cell to be engulfed, eventually surrounding it completely.

Regulation

The formation and activity of lamellipodia are regulated by a variety of cell signaling pathways. These pathways control the assembly and disassembly of the actin network, as well as the adhesion of the lamellipodia to the extracellular matrix or other cells. Key regulators of lamellipodia formation include the Rho family of GTPases, which control actin dynamics, and integrins, which mediate adhesion.

See also

• Filopodia
• Pseudopodia
• Cell migration
• Actin
• Arp2/3 complex

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