Large colon

Large Colon

The large colon or large intestine is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into feces. It is shorter than the small intestine but is considerably thicker in diameter, hence its name.

Anatomy

The large colon is approximately 1.5 meters long in adults and is divided into several parts: the cecum, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum. The appendix, a small pouch-like structure, is attached to the cecum.

Function

The primary function of the large colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter after it has been processed in the small intestine. The large colon also aids in the fermentation of unabsorbed material by gut bacteria. The byproducts of this fermentation process are then absorbed into the bloodstream and can be used by the body for energy.

Diseases and Disorders

Various diseases and disorders can affect the large colon. These include colorectal cancer, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Symptoms of these conditions can include abdominal pain, blood in the stool, and changes in bowel habits.

Treatment and Management

Treatment for diseases and disorders of the large colon can vary depending on the specific condition. This can range from dietary changes and medication for conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to surgery for conditions like colorectal cancer.

See Also

• Digestive system
• Small intestine
• Human anatomy