Laser thermal keratoplasty

Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (LTK) is a type of refractive surgery used to correct mild to moderate hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism. This procedure utilizes a laser to apply controlled heat to the peripheral regions of the cornea, causing it to shrink and change shape, which improves the eye's ability to focus.

Procedure

During LTK, a special laser, typically a holmium:YAG laser, is used. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and does not require making any cuts or removal of tissue. The laser applies concentric rings around the cornea's periphery. The heat from the laser causes the collagen fibers in the cornea to shrink, leading to a steepening of the central cornea, which can improve the eye's focusing ability.

Indications

LTK is primarily indicated for patients with mild to moderate hyperopia and astigmatism who are seeking an alternative to eyeglasses or contact lenses. It is particularly suited for patients over the age of 40 who have stable refractive errors.

Advantages and Disadvantages

One of the main advantages of LTK is its non-invasive nature, as the procedure does not involve cutting or removing corneal tissue. This results in a quicker recovery time compared to other refractive surgeries. However, the effects of LTK tend to be temporary, with many patients experiencing a regression in their vision within a few years after the procedure. Additionally, LTK may not be suitable for patients with significant myopia (nearsightedness) or those with unstable refractive errors.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, LTK carries potential risks and complications. These may include over or under-correction of the refractive error, infection, and temporary visual disturbances such as glare and halos around lights. Long-term stability of the results is also a concern, as the effects of LTK can diminish over time.

Postoperative Care

After the procedure, patients may be prescribed antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. It is also important for patients to attend follow-up appointments with their ophthalmologist to monitor the healing process and the stability of the refractive correction.

Conclusion

Laser Thermal Keratoplasty offers a minimally invasive option for correcting mild to moderate hyperopia and astigmatism. While it provides a quick recovery and relatively low risk of complications, the temporary nature of its effects and the potential for vision regression make it less popular than other refractive surgery techniques such as LASIK and PRK. Patients considering LTK should discuss all available options with their ophthalmologist to determine the best course of treatment for their individual needs.