Lead tetraethyl

Lead tetraethyl is an organolead compound that was widely used as an additive in petrol (gasoline) during the 20th century. It is a highly toxic substance that has been linked to a range of health problems, including neurological disorders and cancer.

History

Lead tetraethyl was first synthesized in 1854 by the German chemist Karl Jacob Löwig. However, it was not until the 1920s that it began to be used as a petrol additive. This was due to the efforts of the American chemist Thomas Midgley Jr., who discovered that adding lead tetraethyl to petrol could prevent engine knocking.

Production and use

Lead tetraethyl is produced by reacting chloroethane with a lead(II) compound, such as lead(II) chloride or lead(II) acetate. The resulting product is then mixed with petrol to improve its octane rating.

Despite its toxicity, lead tetraethyl was widely used in petrol until the late 20th century. This was due to its effectiveness in preventing engine knocking and improving fuel efficiency. However, the health risks associated with exposure to lead tetraethyl led to its gradual phase-out in many countries.

Health effects

Exposure to lead tetraethyl can have serious health effects. It is a potent neurotoxin, and can cause a range of neurological disorders, including memory loss, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems. It is also a known carcinogen, and has been linked to various types of cancer.

Environmental impact

The use of lead tetraethyl in petrol has also had a significant environmental impact. When petrol containing lead tetraethyl is burned, it releases lead particles into the atmosphere. These particles can then be inhaled by humans and animals, or settle on the ground and contaminate soil and water.

See also

• Lead poisoning
• Tetraethyllead
• Octane rating
• Engine knocking