Lefty (protein)

Lefty (protein)

The Lefty protein, also known as Left-right determination factor, is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of proteins. It plays a crucial role in the establishment of Left-right asymmetry in developing embryos. The protein is encoded by the LEFTY1 and LEFTY2 genes in humans.

Function

The Lefty protein is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation. It is also essential for the development of organ systems and the establishment of left-right asymmetry during embryogenesis. The protein inhibits the activity of Nodal, another member of the TGF-beta superfamily, to control the left-right asymmetry.

Genes

In humans, the Lefty protein is encoded by two genes: LEFTY1 and LEFTY2. These genes are located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2, respectively. Mutations in these genes can lead to disorders of left-right asymmetry, such as Situs inversus and Heterotaxy.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the Lefty protein or its genes can lead to a variety of developmental disorders. For example, mutations in the LEFTY genes have been associated with congenital heart defects, infertility, and certain types of cancer. The protein is also being studied for its potential role in regenerative medicine.

See also

• TGF-beta
• Nodal
• Situs inversus
• Heterotaxy