Leg ulcer

Leg ulcer is a chronic, often recurring condition characterized by the breakdown of the skin on the leg or foot, leading to an open wound. The most common underlying causes of leg ulcers include venous insufficiency, arterial insufficiency, diabetes, and pressure. These ulcers are a significant source of morbidity and can lead to further complications such as infection and impaired mobility.

Causes

Leg ulcers can be classified based on their underlying causes:

• Venous Insufficiency: The most common cause, venous ulcers, are due to abnormal or damaged veins in the legs. This condition prevents blood from flowing back to the heart, causing blood to pool in the leg veins, which can lead to ulcers.
• Arterial Insufficiency: Arterial ulcers occur due to poor blood circulation to the lower limbs because of narrowed arteries. This lack of blood flow means tissues do not get enough oxygen, leading to ulceration.
• Diabetic Ulcers: People with diabetes are at risk of foot ulcers due to a combination of reduced blood flow and nerve damage in the feet, which can lead to unnoticed injuries and ulcers.
• Pressure Ulcers: Also known as bedsores, these ulcers result from prolonged pressure on the skin, typically affecting individuals who are bedridden or immobile.

Symptoms

Symptoms of leg ulcers include:

• A visible wound on the leg or foot that may be painful
• Swelling in the legs or ankles
• A heavy or achy feeling in the legs
• Hardened skin around the ulcer
• Discharge from the ulcer

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a leg ulcer involves a physical examination and reviewing the patient's medical history. Additional tests may include:

• Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) to assess blood flow
• Ultrasound imaging to evaluate vein and artery function
• Blood tests to identify underlying conditions such as diabetes

Treatment

Treatment of leg ulcers focuses on healing the wound, preventing infection, and treating the underlying cause. Approaches include:

• Compression therapy to improve venous circulation
• Wound dressings to promote healing and prevent infection
• Medications to treat infection or underlying conditions
• Surgery in severe cases to improve blood flow or remove damaged tissue

Prevention

Preventive measures for leg ulcers include:

• Regular exercise to improve circulation
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoiding standing or sitting for prolonged periods
• Proper foot care, especially for individuals with diabetes

See Also

• Chronic Venous Insufficiency
• Peripheral Artery Disease
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Pressure Ulcer