Legionella

Legionella is a genus of pathogenic bacteria that is known to cause a type of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease and a milder condition known as Pontiac fever. The bacteria are found naturally in the environment, particularly in warm water.

History

The genus Legionella was first identified in 1976, following an outbreak of pneumonia at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia, USA. The disease was subsequently named Legionnaires' disease.

Characteristics

Legionella bacteria are aerobic, gram-negative, and flagellated, with a characteristic elongated shape. They are unable to produce their own food and rely on the presence of amino acids and iron to survive and reproduce.

Disease

Legionella bacteria are responsible for two distinct conditions: Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever. Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia, while Pontiac fever is a milder respiratory illness.

Transmission

Legionella bacteria are typically transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria. This can occur through exposure to contaminated water sources such as air conditioning systems, hot tubs, and showers.

Prevention and Control

Prevention of Legionella infection involves regular maintenance and disinfection of water systems, particularly those that produce aerosols. This includes the use of biocides, heat, and ultraviolet light.

Treatment

Treatment for Legionella infection typically involves antibiotics, with macrolides and quinolones being the most commonly used.

See Also

• Legionnaires' disease
• Pontiac fever
• Bacteria
• Pneumonia

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