Legionellaceae

Family of bacteria

Legionellaceae is a family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the genus Legionella. Members of this family are known to cause Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of pneumonia.

Characteristics

Legionellaceae are aerobic, non-spore forming, and rod-shaped bacteria. They are commonly found in aquatic environments, such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs. These bacteria thrive in warm water and can colonize man-made water systems, including cooling towers, hot water tanks, and plumbing systems.

Pathogenicity

The most notable species within this family is Legionella pneumophila, which is responsible for the majority of Legionnaires' disease cases. Infection occurs when individuals inhale aerosolized water droplets containing the bacteria. Symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, muscle aches, and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease typically involves urinary antigen tests, sputum culture, and PCR testing. Treatment usually includes antibiotics such as azithromycin or levofloxacin.

Prevention

Preventive measures focus on maintaining water systems to inhibit bacterial growth. This includes regular cleaning and disinfection of water systems, maintaining appropriate water temperatures, and using biocides.

See also

• Legionnaires' disease
• Pontiac fever
• Waterborne diseases

External links

• CDC Legionella Information
• WHO Fact Sheet on Legionellosis