Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (also known as leptomeningeal metastasis or neoplastic meningitis) is a rare complication of cancer in which the disease spreads from the original tumor site to the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. This condition is often associated with a poor prognosis, with most patients surviving less than one year after diagnosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis can vary widely, depending on the areas of the nervous system that are affected. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status. Other symptoms can include weakness, sensory loss, and seizures.

Causes

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis can occur in any type of cancer, but it is most commonly associated with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. The cancer cells spread to the meninges through the bloodstream or by direct extension from a nearby tumor.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is often challenging, as the symptoms can be nonspecific and the condition is relatively rare. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by a combination of clinical findings, imaging studies, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Treatment

The treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is primarily palliative, aimed at relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Treatment options can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical interventions.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is generally poor, with most patients surviving less than one year after diagnosis. However, survival can vary widely, depending on the type of cancer, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis Resources
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