Lethargica encephalitis

Encephalitis lethargica is a rare form of encephalitis that occurred in epidemic form from 1915 to 1926. Also known as von Economo's disease or sleeping sickness, it is characterized by high fever, sore throat, headache, lethargy, double vision, delayed physical and mental response, sleep inversion and catatonia.

History

Encephalitis lethargica was first described by Constantin von Economo in 1917 during an epidemic that lasted until 1926. The cause of the epidemic remains unknown, and no recurrence of the epidemic has since been reported, although isolated cases continue to occur.

Symptoms

The symptoms of encephalitis lethargica vary, but they can be categorized into three stages. The first stage is characterized by symptoms of high fever, sore throat, headache, and lethargy. The second stage involves neurological symptoms such as double vision, delayed physical and mental response, and sleep inversion. The third stage is characterized by catatonia, in which the patient becomes mute and immobile.

Causes

The exact cause of encephalitis lethargica is unknown. Some researchers believe it may be caused by an autoimmune response to infection with a specific strain of Streptococcus, the bacterium that causes strep throat. Others suggest it may be caused by a direct infection of the brain by a yet unidentified virus.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for encephalitis lethargica. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include antiviral drugs, immunotherapy, and physical therapy to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

See also

• Encephalitis
• Autoimmune disease
• Streptococcus