Leucoma

Leucoma salicis MHNT.CUT.2012.0.356.Crest-Voland Male.Dos

Leucoma is a medical condition affecting the eye, specifically the cornea. The term "leucoma" refers to a white, opaque scar that develops on the cornea, which is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing visual images, and any opacity can significantly impair vision. Leucoma is a result of corneal scarring, which can arise from various causes including infection, injury, or surgical procedures affecting the cornea.

Causes

Leucoma can be caused by several factors, each leading to the scarring of the cornea. Common causes include:

• Corneal ulcer: An open sore on the cornea, often due to infection.
• Trauma: Physical injury to the eye, such as scratches, chemical burns, or impact injuries.
• Surgery: Complications from eye surgeries can lead to scarring.
• Infection: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections of the cornea can result in ulcers and subsequent scarring.
• Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea, which can be infectious or non-infectious.

Symptoms

Symptoms of leucoma vary depending on the severity and extent of the corneal scarring. Common symptoms include:

• Blurred vision
• Reduced visual acuity
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• The appearance of a white or cloudy spot on the cornea

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of leucoma involves a comprehensive eye examination. Tools and techniques used in the diagnosis include:

• Slit lamp examination: A microscope used to examine the eye under high magnification.
• Visual acuity test: Measures the smallest letters a person can read on a standardized chart.
• Corneal topography: Maps the surface curvature of the cornea to detect irregularities.

Treatment

Treatment for leucoma focuses on restoring vision and preventing further damage to the eye. Options include:

• Medication: To treat any underlying infection or inflammation.
• Corneal transplant: In severe cases, a damaged cornea may be replaced with a healthy donor cornea.
• Laser surgery: Certain types of laser surgery can remove superficial scars and improve vision.

Prevention

Preventing the conditions that lead to leucoma is key to avoiding corneal scarring. Preventative measures include:

• Protecting the eyes from injury by wearing safety glasses during activities that pose a risk to the eyes.
• Seeking prompt treatment for eye infections and conditions that could lead to corneal damage.
• Following proper contact lens hygiene to prevent infections.

Leucoma can significantly impact the quality of life by impairing vision. Early detection and treatment of the underlying causes of corneal scarring can help preserve vision and prevent the development of leucoma.