Library classification

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HK_高等法院圖書館_High_Court_Library_book_category_system_Dec-2010

Library classification is a system used by libraries to organize books, periodicals, and other materials. It involves the arrangement of items in a systematic order, typically by subject, to facilitate access and retrieval. Library classification systems are essential for efficient library management and user navigation.

History

The concept of library classification dates back to ancient times. The Library of Alexandria is one of the earliest known libraries to have used a form of classification. In the modern era, several classification systems have been developed, each with its own unique structure and methodology.

Major Classification Systems

There are several major library classification systems in use today:

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)

The Dewey Decimal Classification, created by Melvil Dewey in 1876, is one of the most widely used systems. It organizes library materials into ten main classes, each divided into ten divisions, and further subdivided into sections.

Library of Congress Classification (LCC)

The Library of Congress Classification system, developed by the Library of Congress in the United States, is another prominent system. It uses a combination of letters and numbers to categorize materials, primarily used by academic and research libraries.

Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)

The Universal Decimal Classification is an extension of the Dewey Decimal Classification, adapted for use in specialized and scientific libraries. It allows for more detailed and specific categorization.

Colon Classification

Developed by S. R. Ranganathan in India, the Colon Classification system uses a combination of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks to classify materials. It is known for its flexibility and ability to accommodate new subjects.

Principles of Classification

Library classification systems are based on several key principles:

• **Hierarchy**: Items are arranged in a hierarchical structure, from general to specific.
• **Notation**: A system of symbols (letters, numbers, or both) is used to represent subjects.
• **Consistency**: The classification system should be applied consistently across the library's collection.
• **Flexibility**: The system should be adaptable to accommodate new subjects and changes in knowledge.

Related Concepts

• Subject Headings
• Cataloging
• Metadata
• Information Retrieval
• Bibliographic Classification

See Also

• Library
• Information Science
• Knowledge Organization
• Library Management
• Library and Information Science