Linoleum

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Armstrong Linoleum - 1928 advertisement

Linoleum, often abbreviated as lino, is a floor covering made from renewable materials such as solidified linseed oil (linoxyn), pine resin, ground cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, most commonly on a burlap or canvas backing. Patented in 1863 by Englishman Frederick Walton, linoleum has been a popular choice for floor coverings since the late 19th century.

History

Linoleum was invented when Walton noticed the skin of solidified linseed oil on a can of oil-based paint, realizing it could be used to create a waterproof material. After further experimentation and development, he patented the product in 1863. Linoleum's durability, ease of cleaning, and resistance to wear made it an ideal material for floor coverings in homes, hospitals, schools, and other buildings. Its popularity peaked in the early to mid-20th century, before declining with the advent of vinyl flooring, which was cheaper and considered to be more modern.

Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process of linoleum involves oxidizing linseed oil into linoxyn, which is then mixed with pine resin, cork dust, wood flour, and mineral fillers. This mixture is applied to a backing material, such as burlap or canvas, and then cured in a drying room for several weeks. The resulting sheet is then calendered to the desired thickness and patterned using rollers or printed designs.

Characteristics and Uses

Linoleum is known for its antistatic, antibacterial properties, and its ability to repel dust and dirt, making it a hygienic choice for healthcare settings. It is also durable, biodegradable, and made from natural materials, which contributes to its appeal in environmentally conscious markets. Linoleum can be used in virtually any room of a house but is particularly popular in kitchens, bathrooms, and high-traffic areas due to its resilience and ease of maintenance.

Installation and Maintenance

Linoleum flooring can be installed over many different types of surfaces, including concrete, wood, and existing flooring, provided the surface is smooth, flat, and dry. Installation methods vary from glue-down sheets and tiles to click-together floating floors. Maintenance typically involves regular sweeping or vacuuming and occasional mopping with a damp cloth or mop. Linoleum can also be refinished with liquid wax or acrylic sealer to restore its shine.

Environmental Impact

Linoleum is considered an environmentally friendly flooring option. It is made from natural, renewable materials, and is fully biodegradable at the end of its life cycle. Additionally, linoleum's long lifespan—often exceeding 40 years—reduces the need for frequent replacements, further minimizing its environmental footprint.

Contemporary Use

Despite competition from vinyl and other synthetic flooring materials, linoleum has experienced a resurgence in popularity in recent years, particularly among those seeking sustainable and eco-friendly building materials. Its natural composition, durability, and variety of designs and colors make it a versatile choice for both residential and commercial applications.

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