Lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus

Lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus (also known as Lawrence Syndrome) is a rare form of diabetes mellitus characterized by the loss of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Etiology

The exact cause of lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus is unknown, but it is believed to be due to a defect in the adipocytes, the cells responsible for storing fat. This defect leads to a loss of adipose tissue, particularly in the arms, legs, and trunk.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus include severe insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and the loss of subcutaneous fat. Other symptoms may include acanthosis nigricans, a skin condition characterized by dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases, and hepatomegaly, an enlargement of the liver.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus is based on clinical findings, including the loss of subcutaneous fat, severe insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Laboratory tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus is primarily focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may include insulin therapy to manage blood glucose levels, lipid-lowering medications to manage hypertriglyceridemia, and dietary modifications.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus varies. With appropriate management, many individuals can lead a normal life. However, complications such as pancreatitis, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular disease can occur.

See also

• Diabetes mellitus
• Insulin resistance
• Hypertriglyceridemia