Lipocalin 1

Lipocalin 1 (LCN1), also known as tear lipocalin or von Ebner's gland protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LCN1 gene. This protein belongs to the lipocalin family, which is a group of small, secretory proteins that transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids. Lipocalins share limited regions of sequence homology and a common tertiary structure architecture.

Function

Lipocalin 1 plays a crucial role in the transport and storage of lipophilic molecules. It is predominantly found in tears, where it contributes to the protection and lubrication of the eye. Additionally, LCN1 is present in other bodily fluids such as saliva, milk, and nasal secretions. Its ability to bind and transport small hydrophobic molecules makes it an essential component in the maintenance of tear film stability and eye health. By binding to lipids, LCN1 prevents the evaporation of the tear film and maintains its optical properties, thereby playing a significant role in protecting the ocular surface.

Gene

The LCN1 gene is located on chromosome 9 in humans. It is part of a cluster of lipocalin genes, which suggests a possible shared evolutionary origin. The gene undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms of the protein.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of LCN1 have been associated with various eye diseases, including Dry Eye Syndrome and other disorders related to tear film instability. Given its role in maintaining the health of the ocular surface, LCN1 is a potential target for therapeutic interventions aimed at treating eye conditions characterized by tear film dysfunction.

Research

Research on Lipocalin 1 has focused on its potential as a biomarker for eye diseases and its therapeutic applications. Studies have explored the use of LCN1 levels in tears as a diagnostic tool for eye conditions that affect tear film stability. Furthermore, there is ongoing research into developing artificial tears and other treatments that mimic or enhance the function of LCN1 to alleviate symptoms of dry eye and similar disorders.

See Also

• Lipocalin
• Tear film
• Dry Eye Syndrome
• Protein
• Gene