List of IARC Group 1 Agents - Carcinogenic to humans

List of IARC Group 1 Agents - Carcinogenic to Humans is a compilation of agents that the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization (WHO), has classified as "Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans." This classification is used to indicate a causal relationship between exposure to the agents listed and the development of cancer in humans, based on sufficient evidence from epidemiological studies and additional supported data from laboratory research. The IARC periodically updates this list through evaluations conducted by international working groups of expert scientists.

Overview

The IARC Monographs Programme, which began in 1971, systematically evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by various agents, mixtures, and exposures. These evaluations involve a critical review of the pertinent scientific literature and are published in the form of monographs. The agents evaluated can be chemicals, complex mixtures, occupational exposures, physical agents, biological agents, or lifestyle factors. Group 1 is the highest level of evidence for carcinogenicity in humans provided by the IARC classification system.

Criteria for Classification

For an agent to be classified in Group 1, there must be sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. This means that a causal relationship has been established between exposure to the agent and cancer, with a high degree of consistency observed across multiple studies and populations. The evaluation also considers supporting evidence from studies of cancer mechanisms and animal experiments.

Examples of Group 1 Carcinogens

The list of Group 1 carcinogens is extensive and includes a variety of substances and exposures. Some notable examples include:

- Asbestos: All forms of asbestos are carcinogenic to humans, causing mesothelioma and cancers of the lung, larynx, and ovary. - Tobacco smoke: Both smoking and second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke are classified as carcinogenic to humans, with links to lung, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and throat cancers, among others. - Alcohol: Consumption of alcoholic beverages is carcinogenic to humans, with evidence linking it to cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver, breast, and colorectum. - Ultraviolet (UV) radiation: Including both solar radiation and the use of UV-emitting tanning devices, UV radiation is a well-known cause of skin cancers, including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. - Aflatoxins: Naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by certain species of fungi, aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans, with a strong association with liver cancer.

Implications and Actions

The classification of an agent as a Group 1 carcinogen has significant implications for public health policies, regulatory actions, and occupational safety measures. It serves as a basis for risk assessment and risk management decisions aimed at reducing or eliminating exposures to these carcinogens. Public awareness and education on the risks associated with these agents are also crucial in preventing cancer.

See Also

- Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer - Occupational Safety and Health - Public Health

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