List of durian diseases and pests

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Daphnusa ocellaris Walker, 1856 (Sphingidae)

Bionectria

Durian (Durio spp.) is a tropical fruit known for its distinctive smell, taste, and spiky appearance. It is highly valued in Southeast Asia, often referred to as the "king of fruits." However, like all crops, durian trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests that can affect their health and productivity. This article provides an overview of the most common durian diseases and pests, highlighting their impact and management strategies.

Diseases

Phytophthora Disease

Phytophthora disease, caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting durian trees. It can lead to root rot, stem canker, and fruit rot. Management strategies include proper drainage, use of resistant varieties, and application of fungicides.

Anthracnose

Caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anthracnose affects the leaves, branches, and fruits of the durian tree. It is characterized by dark, sunken lesions. Control measures include regular pruning, ensuring good air circulation, and spraying fungicides.

Stem Canker and Dieback

This disease is often caused by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi complex. Symptoms include cankers on stems and branches, leading to dieback. Management involves removing infected parts, avoiding injury to trees, and applying fungicides.

Powdery Mildew

Oidium mangiferae causes powdery mildew in durian trees, leading to a white powdery growth on leaves and young shoots. It can be controlled through the use of sulfur-based fungicides and by maintaining low humidity around the trees.

Pests

Durian Fruit Borer

The durian fruit borer (Mudaria luteileprosa) is a significant pest, causing direct damage to fruits. Management includes regular monitoring, removal of infested fruits, and use of pheromone traps.

Durian Seed Borer

Laridesignata is another pest that specifically targets the seeds of the durian fruit, rendering them unviable. Control methods are similar to those for the fruit borer, with an emphasis on cleanliness and removal of infested fruits.

Mealybugs

Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae spp.) are small, sap-sucking insects that can cause damage to leaves, stems, and fruits. They also excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can lead to the growth of sooty mold. Management includes the use of insecticidal soaps and natural predators like ladybugs.

Spider Mites

Spider mites (Tetranychidae spp.) are tiny pests that feed on the undersides of leaves, causing yellowing and eventual leaf drop. They thrive in hot, dry conditions. Mitigation strategies include increasing humidity and using miticides.

Prevention and Management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the most effective approach for managing durian diseases and pests. IPM strategies include cultural practices, biological control, mechanical control, and the judicious use of chemical pesticides. Regular monitoring and early detection are crucial for preventing outbreaks and minimizing damage.