Gibberella fujikuroi

Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal species belonging to the Fusarium genus. It is known for causing a disease called "bakanae" in rice, which is characterized by elongation of the internodes, resulting in abnormal growth and eventual death of the plant. The fungus is also known for producing various mycotoxins, including fumonisin and gibberellin.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Japanese pathologist Eiichi Kurosawa in 1926. It was initially classified as Fusarium fujikuroi, but was later reclassified as Gibberella fujikuroi based on its sexual stage. The species is part of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, which includes several other closely related species.

Distribution and habitat

Gibberella fujikuroi is widely distributed around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is commonly found in soil and on plant debris. The fungus prefers warm and humid conditions, which are conducive to its growth and reproduction.

Pathogenicity

Gibberella fujikuroi is a plant pathogen, primarily affecting rice plants. It causes bakanae disease, also known as "foolish seedling" disease. Infected plants exhibit excessive elongation of the internodes, leading to tall, thin, and weak plants that often die before reaching maturity. The disease is spread through infected seeds and soil.

Mycotoxins

The fungus produces several mycotoxins, including fumonisins and gibberellins. Fumonisins are toxic to both humans and animals, and can contaminate crops, posing a risk to food safety. Gibberellins are plant hormones that promote cell elongation and division, and are responsible for the abnormal growth observed in bakanae disease.

Control

Control of Gibberella fujikuroi involves a combination of cultural practices, chemical treatments, and the use of resistant varieties. Cultural practices include crop rotation and the removal of infected plant debris. Chemical treatments include the use of fungicides and seed treatments. Breeding for resistance is also an important strategy in managing the disease.

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