List of palatal expanders

Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders

Palatal expanders are orthodontic devices used to widen the upper jaw (maxilla) to correct a narrow palate. This treatment can help address various dental and skeletal issues, including crowding, crossbite, and breathing problems. Palatal expansion is typically performed during childhood or early adolescence when the skeletal system is still developing, but some types of expanders can also be used in adults. This article provides an overview of the different types of palatal expanders.

Types of Palatal Expanders

Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE)

The Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE) is a common orthodontic device used to widen the upper jaw by applying gradual pressure on the palatal bones. It consists of a screw mechanism anchored to the molar teeth with bands. The screw is activated (turned) according to a schedule prescribed by an orthodontist, which gradually separates the mid-palatal suture, allowing new bone to form and widen the palate.

Removable Palatal Expander

Removable palatal expanders are less common than RPEs and are typically used for minor adjustments. These devices can be taken out and cleaned separately from the teeth. They are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic treatments and are more suitable for patients with less severe palatal constriction.

Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE)

The Mini-Implant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) device is a newer type of expander designed for use in older adolescents and adults. MARPE devices use mini-implants anchored in the palate to apply expansion forces directly to the bones, which can be more effective in patients whose palatal sutures have already fused.

Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE)

Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) is a combination of orthodontic treatment and oral surgery used in adults whose palatal sutures have fused, making traditional expansion methods ineffective. The procedure involves surgically creating fractures in the palate to facilitate the expansion process with a conventional RPE device.

Indications for Use

Palatal expanders are indicated for various conditions, including:

• Crossbite: When the upper teeth bite inside the lower teeth.
• Crowding: Insufficient space for the teeth to align properly.
• Breathing problems: Narrow palates can contribute to airway obstruction and breathing difficulties.
• Impacted teeth: To create space for impacted teeth to emerge.

Considerations

The use of palatal expanders requires careful planning and monitoring by an experienced orthodontist. Factors such as the patient's age, the degree of palatal constriction, and the presence of fused palatal sutures can influence the choice of expander and the treatment outcome.

Conclusion

Palatal expanders play a crucial role in orthodontic treatment by addressing the underlying skeletal issues that contribute to dental and facial irregularities. With advancements in orthodontic technology, there are now several types of expanders available to meet the needs of patients at different stages of life and with varying degrees of palatal constriction.