Lithophaga lithophaga

Lithophaga lithophaga, also known as the Date Mussel, is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Mytilidae. This species is native to the Mediterranean Sea, where it is known to bore into calcareous rocks and stones, hence its name, which translates to 'stone eater'.

Description

The Lithophaga lithophaga is a medium-sized bivalve, typically measuring between 2 to 8 cm in length. Its shell is elongated and cylindrical, with a rough, dark brown exterior and a smooth, pearly interior. The two halves of the shell are held together by a strong, elastic ligament. The animal inside the shell is soft-bodied, with a pair of gills for breathing and a foot for movement.

Habitat and Distribution

The Lithophaga lithophaga is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Adriatic Sea. It prefers rocky substrates, where it bores into the rock to create a protective burrow. This burrowing behavior is unique among bivalves and has earned the species its common name, the Date Mussel.

Life Cycle and Behavior

The Lithophaga lithophaga is a filter feeder, extracting plankton and other microscopic organisms from the water with its gills. It reproduces by releasing eggs and sperm into the water, where fertilization occurs. The resulting larvae are planktonic and drift with the currents until they are large enough to settle and begin boring into the rock.

Conservation Status

The Lithophaga lithophaga is currently listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to overharvesting for food and habitat destruction. Efforts are being made to protect this species and its habitat, including the establishment of marine protected areas and restrictions on harvesting.

Culinary Use

In some Mediterranean cultures, the Lithophaga lithophaga is considered a delicacy. The meat of the Date Mussel is often used in seafood dishes, particularly in Italy and Croatia. However, due to its conservation status, harvesting of this species is now heavily regulated.

See Also

• Mytilidae
• Bivalvia
• Mediterranean Sea