Local anaesthetic

Local anaesthetic is a type of medication used to numb a specific area of the body, preventing pain during medical procedures. It works by blocking the nerves in the local area from sending pain signals to the brain.

History

The use of local anaesthetics dates back to ancient times, with the first recorded use being by the Incas who used coca leaves to numb the pain of surgery. In the 19th century, cocaine was isolated from coca leaves and used as a local anaesthetic. However, due to its addictive properties, other substances were sought. The first synthetic local anaesthetic, procaine, was developed in 1905.

Types

There are two main types of local anaesthetics: ester and amide. Ester local anaesthetics include procaine and tetracaine, while amide local anaesthetics include lidocaine and bupivacaine. The type used depends on the procedure and the patient's health.

Mechanism of action

Local anaesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the propagation of nerve impulses and thus the sensation of pain.

Uses

Local anaesthetics are used in a variety of medical procedures, from minor skin procedures to major surgery. They are also used in dentistry and for pain relief in childbirth.

Side effects

While generally safe, local anaesthetics can cause side effects such as numbness, tingling, and in rare cases, allergic reactions.

See also

• General anaesthetic
• Sedation
• Pain management

Local anaesthetic Resources
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