Loop diuretic

Loop diuretics are a type of diuretic that work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This results in a decrease in the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to an increase in the excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium.

Mechanism of action

Loop diuretics inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This transporter normally reabsorbs about 25% of the filtered load of sodium and chloride from the urine. By inhibiting this transporter, loop diuretics increase the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water.

Uses

Loop diuretics are used in the treatment of several conditions, including congestive heart failure, hypertension, and edema due to kidney or liver disease. They are also used in the treatment of hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia.

Side effects

Common side effects of loop diuretics include dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. Less common side effects include ototoxicity, gout, and hyperuricemia.

Examples

Examples of loop diuretics include furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, and ethacrynic acid.

See also

• Diuretic
• Thiazide diuretic
• Potassium-sparing diuretic

Loop diuretic Resources
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