Low-floor bus

Low-floor bus refers to a design of bus or trolleybus that has no steps between one or more entrances and parts of the passenger cabin. A low-floor bus is designed to provide easier access to persons with disabilities, including those who use wheelchairs and walkers, as well as to the elderly, parents with strollers, and travelers with luggage. The concept of low-floor design has been extended to other vehicle types, such as trams and light rail vehicles.

Design and Features

The main characteristic of a low-floor bus is its floor height relative to the ground level. Traditional buses have a step of about 300 to 340 mm (12 to 13 inches) above the ground, whereas low-floor buses typically reduce this to less than 200 mm (7.9 inches), with some models achieving a floor height as low as 160 mm (6.3 inches). This reduction in step height is achieved through various design changes, including the relocation of mechanical components and the use of independent front wheel suspension.

Low-floor buses often incorporate wheelchair ramps or kneeling technology, which further reduces the entry height when deployed. Kneeling buses can lower the entrance side of the bus to curb level, facilitating boarding and alighting for all passengers. Additionally, low-floor buses are equipped with designated wheelchair spaces, complete with securing belts and sometimes companion seating.

Advantages

The primary advantage of low-floor buses is the improved accessibility for all passengers, particularly those with mobility impairments. This inclusivity promotes public transport as a viable option for more people, potentially increasing ridership. Other benefits include faster boarding and alighting times, which can lead to improved service efficiency and reduced dwell times at stops.

Challenges

Despite their advantages, low-floor buses present certain challenges. The design compromises on the space available for mechanical components, which can lead to increased maintenance costs or reduced durability. Additionally, the reduced floor height can limit the bus's ability to navigate roads with poor conditions or high curbs. The initial cost of low-floor buses is also typically higher than that of traditional high-floor models.

Global Adoption

The adoption of low-floor buses varies globally, with widespread use in Europe and North America. Many cities have transitioned their fleets to exclusively low-floor models to comply with accessibility legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 in the United States. In developing countries, the adoption of low-floor buses is growing, although high-floor models remain prevalent due to their lower cost and higher ground clearance.

Future Developments

The future of low-floor bus design includes further improvements in accessibility and efficiency. Innovations such as electric and hybrid powertrains are becoming more common, offering environmental benefits and potentially lower operating costs. Additionally, advancements in materials and engineering may address some of the durability and maintenance concerns associated with current low-floor bus designs.

See Also

• Accessible transport
• Bus rapid transit
• Public transport