Lower Manhattan

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Petrus (Peter Pieter) Stuyvesant portrait c1660

New York Harbor Waterfront 1727 panorama map

Twelve Miles Around New York (City) Map 1849 by James Charles Sidney

The Cooper Union's Foundation Building - North Side (48072759802)

Lower Manhattan, also known as Downtown Manhattan or Downtown New York, is the southernmost part of Manhattan, the central borough for business, culture, and government in New York City. Lower Manhattan is defined as the area delineated by the Hudson River to the west, the East River to the east, and the Harlem River to the north. This area provides a rich tapestry of historical landmarks, financial institutions, and vibrant cultural scenes.

History

Lower Manhattan's history is deeply intertwined with the origins of New York City. Initially settled by the Dutch in 1624, it was here that the city, then called New Amsterdam, began. The area has undergone significant transformations over the centuries, from a bustling colonial settlement to the heart of global finance.

Colonial Era to 19th Century

During the colonial era, Lower Manhattan was the center of life in New Amsterdam, which later became New York when the English took control in 1664. The Battery Park area served as a strategic point for trade and defense. As the city grew, so did Lower Manhattan, with landmarks such as Trinity Church and Wall Street emerging as symbols of the area's importance.

20th Century to Present

The 20th century saw Lower Manhattan becoming the world's financial hub, home to the New York Stock Exchange and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The construction of the World Trade Center in the 1970s symbolized the area's economic power. However, the September 11 attacks in 2001 devastated the region, leading to a period of recovery and rebuilding, highlighted by the opening of the One World Trade Center in 2014.

Geography

Lower Manhattan is bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers, making it an island within an island. The area encompasses several neighborhoods, including the Financial District, Tribeca, and Battery Park City. Its geography has played a crucial role in its development, from the trading routes of the colonial era to the skyscraper-filled skyline it is known for today.

Economy

The economy of Lower Manhattan is primarily driven by the financial services sector, with Wall Street acting as the heart of the American financial industry. In addition to finance, Lower Manhattan has seen growth in technology, advertising, media, and information (TAMI) sectors, diversifying its economic base in the 21st century.

Culture and Recreation

Lower Manhattan is not just a financial hub but also a cultural and recreational center. The area boasts a variety of attractions, including the 9/11 Memorial & Museum, South Street Seaport, and the High Line, a park built on a historic freight rail line. The neighborhood's cultural diversity is reflected in its wide range of dining, shopping, and entertainment options.

Transportation

Lower Manhattan is a major transportation hub for the city, with numerous subway lines, bus routes, and ferry services connecting it to other parts of New York City and the surrounding region. The PATH train also connects Lower Manhattan to New Jersey, making it accessible to commuters from across the Hudson River.

Future Developments

The future of Lower Manhattan looks promising, with plans for further development and revitalization. Efforts are focused on enhancing the area's residential appeal, improving public spaces, and attracting a broader mix of businesses to ensure its growth and sustainability.