Lower extremity of femur

Lower extremity of femur

The lower extremity of the femur is the expanded distal end of the femur (thigh bone) that articulates with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint. It is a critical structure in the skeletal system and plays a vital role in locomotion and weight-bearing.

Anatomy

The lower extremity of the femur consists of several key anatomical features:

Condyles

The lower extremity of the femur includes two large, rounded prominences known as the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. These condyles articulate with the corresponding condyles of the tibia to form the tibiofemoral joint, which is a part of the knee joint.

Medial Condyle

The medial condyle is the larger of the two and is located on the inner side of the femur. It is more prominent and bears a greater load during weight-bearing activities.

Lateral Condyle

The lateral condyle is located on the outer side of the femur. It is smaller and less prominent than the medial condyle.

Intercondylar Fossa

Between the medial and lateral condyles is a deep notch called the intercondylar fossa or intercondylar notch. This fossa provides space for the cruciate ligaments of the knee, which are essential for the stability of the knee joint.

Epicondyles

Above the condyles are the medial epicondyle and the lateral epicondyle. These bony prominences serve as attachment points for the collateral ligaments of the knee.

Medial Epicondyle

The medial epicondyle is located above the medial condyle and serves as the attachment site for the medial collateral ligament (MCL).

Lateral Epicondyle

The lateral epicondyle is located above the lateral condyle and serves as the attachment site for the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Patellar Surface

The anterior aspect of the lower extremity of the femur features the patellar surface, a smooth, shallow groove that articulates with the patella (kneecap). This articulation forms the patellofemoral joint, which is crucial for knee extension and flexion.

Function

The lower extremity of the femur plays a vital role in the function of the knee joint. It allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, rotation, and gliding. The condyles and epicondyles provide attachment points for important ligaments and muscles that stabilize and move the knee.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the lower extremity of the femur, such as fractures or osteochondral defects, can significantly impact knee function and mobility. Conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can also affect the lower extremity of the femur, leading to pain and decreased function.

See Also

• Femur
• Knee joint
• Tibia
• Patella
• Cruciate ligaments
• Collateral ligaments