Lower extremity of femur

Lower Extremity of Femur

The Lower Extremity of Femur or Distal Femur is the lower part of the femur, the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It plays a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and allowing movement. The lower extremity of the femur is characterized by two large, rounded processes, known as the medial condyle and lateral condyle, which articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint.

Lower extremity of femur

Anatomy

The lower extremity of the femur is wider and shorter than the upper extremity. It is divided into two parts: the condyles and the epicondyles. The condyles are the large, rounded processes that articulate with the tibia, while the epicondyles are the bony protrusions located above the condyles.

The medial and lateral condyles are almost equal in size. They are separated by a deep notch, the intercondylar fossa, which accommodates the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. The medial condyle is larger and extends more distally than the lateral condyle.

The patellar surface is the smooth area located between the condyles on the anterior side of the femur. It is where the patella, or kneecap, slides up and down when the knee bends and straightens.

Function

The lower extremity of the femur is primarily involved in weight-bearing and movement. It forms the knee joint with the tibia and patella, which is one of the most complex and vulnerable joints in the human body. The condyles and epicondyles provide attachment points for the ligaments and muscles that stabilize the knee and enable movement.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the lower extremity of the femur, such as fractures or dislocations, can cause severe pain and disability. They often require surgical intervention and a lengthy recovery period. Conditions such as osteoarthritis can also affect the lower extremity of the femur, leading to pain and reduced mobility.

File:Distal femur fracture.jpg

Distal femur fracture

See Also

• Femur
• Knee joint
• Tibia
• Patella