Tibiofemoral joint

Tibiofemoral Joint

The tibiofemoral joint is the largest joint in the human body, and is more commonly known as the knee joint. It is a complex structure that connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The tibiofemoral joint is a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension as well as a small degree of rotation.

Anatomy

The tibiofemoral joint is composed of two main parts: the medial and lateral compartments. The medial compartment contains the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. The lateral compartment contains the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia.

The joint is stabilized by several important ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Function

The primary function of the tibiofemoral joint is to allow movement of the leg. It allows for flexion and extension, which are the primary movements, as well as a small degree of medial and lateral rotation.

Clinical Significance

Due to its complexity and the amount of stress it undergoes, the tibiofemoral joint is susceptible to a variety of injuries and conditions. These include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, meniscus tears, and ligament injuries. Treatment for these conditions can range from conservative management with physical therapy and medication to surgical intervention.

See Also

• Knee
• Femur
• Tibia
• Ligament
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis