Lymphadenectomy

Lymphadenectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or more lymph nodes. It is commonly performed for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of various types of cancer, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer.

Indications

Lymphadenectomy is indicated in several situations. It is often performed when there is a suspicion of cancer spread to the lymph nodes, as determined by imaging studies or physical examination. It can also be used for staging purposes, to determine the extent of cancer spread, which can guide further treatment decisions. In some cases, lymphadenectomy is performed as a therapeutic procedure, to remove cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes.

Procedure

The procedure for a lymphadenectomy varies depending on the location of the lymph nodes to be removed. It can be performed as a standalone procedure, or it can be part of a larger surgery to remove a tumor. The surgeon makes an incision in the skin over the area of the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes are then carefully separated from the surrounding tissue and removed. The incision is then closed with stitches.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, lymphadenectomy carries some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, and damage to nearby structures. There is also the risk of lymphedema, a condition characterized by swelling in the limbs due to damage to the lymphatic system.

Aftercare and Prognosis

After a lymphadenectomy, patients are typically monitored in the hospital for a few days. Pain medication is provided, and physical therapy may be recommended to help manage any swelling or loss of function. The prognosis after a lymphadenectomy depends on many factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and the success of the surgery.

See Also

• Lymph node
• Cancer staging
• Lymphedema