Lymphatics

Lymphatics is a part of the immune system that is made up of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin.

Structure

The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (singular lymph node), thymus, spleen, and lymphoid tissue. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes (the main cells of the lymphatic system).

Lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic vessels are similar to blood vessels, but they carry lymph instead of blood. The smallest lymphatic vessels are the lymph capillaries, which begin in the tissue spaces as blind-ended sacs. Lymph capillaries are found in all regions of the body except the bone marrow, central nervous system, epidermis, cartilage, and cornea.

Lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are kidney-shaped and are enclosed in a fibrous capsule. The regions where lymph nodes are found include the neck, armpit, and groin. Lymph nodes are not present in the brain.

Function

The lymphatic system has multiple interrelated functions including the transportation of white blood cells to and from the bones to the circulatory system, and the transportation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the lymph nodes where an immune response is stimulated.

Clinical significance

Diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system are typically treated by lymphologists. These may include lymphedema, lymphadenopathy, and lymphoma.

See also

• Lymphatic system
• Lymphatic vessel
• Lymph node
• Lymph
• Immune system

References

Lymphatics Resources
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