Ménières

Ménière's Disease is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of feeling like the world is spinning (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear. Typically, only one ear is affected initially; however, over time both ears may become involved. Episodes of vertigo occur without warning and usually last from twenty minutes to a few hours, but not more than 24 hours. For some people, these episodes can be debilitating. Ménière's Disease can lead to permanent hearing loss.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of Ménière's Disease is not known, but it is believed to be related to a volume or pressure imbalance of the fluid in the inner ear. Factors that might increase the risk of developing Ménière's Disease include genetics (family history), autoimmune diseases, and allergies. Viral infections and head trauma are also considered potential contributing factors.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of Ménière's Disease include:

• Vertigo: Spontaneous episodes of vertigo, a sensation of spinning, which can lead to nausea and balance issues.
• Tinnitus: Ringing, buzzing, or roaring sounds in the affected ear.
• Hearing Loss: Fluctuating hearing loss, which can become permanent over time.
• Aural Fullness: A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Ménière's Disease primarily involves a detailed medical history and physical examination, including hearing tests and tests to assess balance. Additional tests may include MRI or CT scans to rule out other causes of the symptoms.

Treatment

There is no cure for Ménière's Disease, but treatments are available to help manage the symptoms. Treatment options include:

• Medications: To reduce vertigo and nausea during episodes.
• Dietary Changes: Reducing salt intake can help manage the fluid volume in the inner ear.
• Therapy: Vestibular rehabilitation therapy can help improve balance.
• Surgery: In severe cases, procedures such as endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve section may be considered.

Prognosis

The course of Ménière's Disease varies among individuals. While the disease can be debilitating, many people are able to manage their symptoms effectively with treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Hearing loss may progress, and in some cases, become permanent.

Living with Ménière's Disease

Living with Ménière's Disease can be challenging due to the unpredictability of vertigo episodes. It is important for individuals to seek support, whether through medical professionals, support groups, or therapy, to learn how to manage their symptoms and maintain their quality of life.

See Also

• Inner ear
• Vertigo
• Tinnitus
• Hearing loss