MFGE8

Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein (MFGE8), also known as Lactadherin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFGE8 gene. This protein plays a crucial role in several biological processes, including the repair of tissue damage, immune response regulation, and the clearance of apoptotic cells. Its significance extends to various medical and physiological contexts, making it a subject of interest in both clinical and research settings.

Function

MFGE8 is a secreted protein that binds to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, two phospholipids exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. By binding to these phospholipids, MFGE8 facilitates the recognition and engulfment of dying cells by macrophages, a process known as efferocytosis. This function is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, preventing autoimmune responses, and promoting wound healing. Additionally, MFGE8 is involved in the modulation of the immune system, particularly in the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses.

In the mammary gland, MFGE8 is a component of the milk fat globule membrane, where it plays a role in the immune protection of the neonate. It also has implications in tumor biology, as its expression is altered in various cancers, and it may influence tumor progression and metastasis.

Clinical Significance

1. 1. 1. Autoimmune Diseases ###

Alterations in MFGE8 levels have been associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Reduced MFGE8 expression can lead to impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, contributing to autoantibody production and inflammation.

1. 1. 1. Cancer ###

MFGE8's role in cancer is complex and appears to be context-dependent. While it can support tumor progression by promoting tumor cell survival and angiogenesis in some settings, it may also have protective effects in others.

1. 1. 1. Cardiovascular Diseases ###

MFGE8 is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It participates in the clearance of apoptotic cells within atherosclerotic plaques, and its deficiency can exacerbate plaque development.

Genetics

The MFGE8 gene is located on chromosome 15q25 in humans. Variants and expression levels of this gene have been studied in the context of its various physiological roles and disease associations.

Research Directions

Ongoing research is exploring the therapeutic potential of MFGE8, including its use as a target for cancer therapy, strategies to enhance apoptotic cell clearance in autoimmune diseases, and its role in tissue regeneration and repair.

See Also

• Apoptosis
• Autoimmune disease
• Cancer
• Efferocytosis
• Immune system
• Systemic lupus erythematosus