MRPS5

MRPS5 (Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS5 gene. This protein is a component of the mitochondrial ribosome, which is specialized for the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins. The mitochondrial ribosome is distinct from the cytoplasmic ribosomes of the cell, and MRPS5 plays a critical role in the function of the mitochondrial ribosome, particularly in the synthesis of proteins that are essential for mitochondrial function.

Function

MRPS5 is part of the small ribosomal subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to producing energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. MRPS5 contributes to the mitochondrial ribosome's ability to synthesize proteins that are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA, which are crucial for the organelle's energy-producing processes.

Gene

The MRPS5 gene is located on the chromosome 2 in humans. It encodes the MRPS5 protein, which is a component of the 28S subunit in the mitochondrial ribosome. The gene's expression and the subsequent assembly of the MRPS5 protein into the mitochondrial ribosome are essential for the proper functioning of mitochondria.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the MRPS5 gene have been studied in the context of various human diseases. Given its fundamental role in mitochondrial protein synthesis, mutations in MRPS5 can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a feature of many genetic disorders, including mitochondrial myopathies and other systemic disorders. Research is ongoing to further understand the specific contributions of MRPS5 mutations to these diseases.

See Also

• Mitochondrial DNA
• Mitochondrial disease
• Ribosome
• Protein synthesis