Manipuri dance

Pung cholom performer, Manipur

Colorful cultural performance by artistes, on the occasion of the 12th South Asian Games-2016, at Indira Gandhi Athletics Stadium, in Guwahati, Assam on February 05, 2016 (1)

Rasa Lila in Manipuri dance style

Manippuri dance of India by Shagil Kannur

Manipuri Dance

Manipuri dance is a classical dance form originating from Manipur, a state in the northeastern part of India. It is known for its graceful, fluid movements and its strong association with the religious and cultural traditions of the region. Manipuri dance is particularly noted for its themes based on Vaishnavism, a tradition within Hinduism that worships Vishnu and his incarnations, especially Krishna. This dance form is an integral part of Manipuri culture, reflecting the local ethos in its repertoire, costumes, and music.

History

The origins of Manipuri dance can be traced back to ancient times, with references found in texts such as the Mahabharata and other early literature, suggesting a long-standing tradition of dance in Manipur. Historically, it has been closely associated with the religious practices and festivals of the region, serving as a medium for storytelling and expression of devotion. The dance form has evolved over centuries, incorporating various styles and influences, yet maintaining its distinct identity and spiritual essence.

Styles and Forms

Manipuri dance encompasses several styles and forms, each with its own unique characteristics and repertoire. The two main styles are the classical form, which is primarily devotional and performed in temples and during religious festivals, and the folk tradition, which includes a variety of dances related to the everyday life and culture of the Manipuri people.

Classical Manipuri

The classical style of Manipuri dance is characterized by its smooth and rounded movements, emphasizing grace and fluidity. It includes several specific forms, such as:

• Ras Leela: The most celebrated form of Manipuri dance, depicting the playful and divine love of Krishna and the Gopis (cowherd girls), particularly Radha. It is performed during festivals like Holi.
• Pung Cholom: A dance performed by male dancers, incorporating acrobatics and the use of the pung (a traditional Manipuri drum), showcasing remarkable rhythm and coordination.

Folk Manipuri

Folk traditions in Manipuri dance are diverse, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the region. These include dances associated with harvest festivals, martial dances, and those celebrating the seasons.

Costumes and Music

The costumes for Manipuri dance are distinctive and elaborate, contributing significantly to the visual appeal of the performance. Female dancers typically wear a Ras Leela costume, which includes a stiff skirt that flares out from the waist, paired with a fine blouse and a veil. Male dancers wear a dhoti and a decorative turban, along with ornaments that complement the theme of the dance.

The music accompanying Manipuri dance is a blend of traditional and classical instruments, including the pung, flute, harmonium, and cymbals, creating a rich auditory backdrop that enhances the performance.

Cultural Significance

Manipuri dance is not just an art form but a vital part of the cultural and spiritual fabric of Manipur. It plays a crucial role in preserving the region's heritage, fostering a sense of identity and community among its people. The dance form is also an important means of storytelling, conveying messages of love, devotion, and the divine play of the gods.

Recognition and Preservation

Recognizing its cultural significance and unique beauty, Manipuri dance has been honored as one of the major classical dance forms of India. Efforts are underway to preserve and promote this traditional art form, both within Manipur and beyond its borders, ensuring its continuation for future generations.