Marshallese Americans

Marshallese by US State 2010

Marshallese Americans are Americans of full or partial Marshallese origin. This community forms a unique group in the United States, with a distinct culture, language, and history that contributes to its identity. The Marshall Islands, located in the central Pacific Ocean, have had a complex relationship with the United States, beginning after World War II, which has influenced the migration patterns and the status of Marshallese people in the U.S.

History

The relationship between the Marshall Islands and the United States began after World War II, when the islands were liberated from Japanese control and subsequently became part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands administered by the U.S. This period marked the beginning of a series of nuclear tests conducted by the United States on the Bikini and Enewetak atolls, which had profound effects on the health and environment of the Marshallese people. In 1986, the Compact of Free Association (COFA) was signed, allowing Marshallese citizens to live and work in the United States without a visa, in exchange for military and defense rights over the islands. This agreement has facilitated the migration of Marshallese to the U.S., particularly to places like Arkansas, Hawaii, and Oklahoma, where large communities have formed.

Demographics

Marshallese Americans are dispersed across the United States, with significant populations in Arkansas (notably in Springdale), Hawaii, and Oklahoma. The exact number of Marshallese Americans is difficult to determine due to their categorization under the broader Pacific Islander group in U.S. census data. However, estimates suggest that there are tens of thousands of Marshallese living in the United States, with the largest community residing in Arkansas.

Culture

Marshallese culture is rich and diverse, with strong ties to the ocean and land. Traditional navigation, fishing, and crafts are highly valued, alongside contemporary expressions of culture through music, dance, and art. Marshallese Americans continue to celebrate their heritage through community events, church services, and cultural festivals, which also serve to educate younger generations about their traditions and history.

Challenges

Marshallese Americans face several challenges, including health disparities, particularly high rates of diabetes and tuberculosis, which are exacerbated by limited access to healthcare and insurance. The COFA agreement, while providing the right to live and work in the U.S., does not grant eligibility for certain federal health and welfare programs. Additionally, language barriers, educational gaps, and employment challenges are significant obstacles for many in the community.

Contributions

Despite these challenges, Marshallese Americans contribute significantly to the cultural diversity and social fabric of the United States. They are involved in various sectors, including agriculture, education, and healthcare, and actively participate in civic and community affairs. Their contributions, particularly in areas with large Marshallese populations, are vital to local economies and communities.

Notable Marshallese Americans

While there are many Marshallese Americans making significant contributions in various fields, the community's focus on collective achievement over individual recognition often means that these contributions are celebrated within the community rather than in the broader public sphere.

See Also

• Pacific Islander Americans
• Compact of Free Association
• Immigration to the United States