Marudai

Marudai (丸台) is a traditional Japanese tool used in the art of Kumihimo, a form of braiding that produces intricate cords and patterns. The marudai consists of a round top with a central hole, mounted on a stand. Kumihimo cords have been used for centuries in Japan for a variety of purposes, including as ties for Samurai armor, kimono sashes (Obi), and tea ceremony accessories.

History

The origins of the marudai and the kumihimo technique date back to the Nara period (710–794 AD) in Japan. Initially, braids were created by hand, but with the development of the marudai and other tools like the Takadai, Ayatakedai, and Karakumidai, more complex patterns could be achieved. The marudai, in particular, allowed for the production of both round and flat braids, making it a versatile tool in the kumihimo craft.

Design and Function

The marudai is typically made of wood and consists of two main parts: the mirror (a round top surface) and the stand. The mirror has a central hole through which the braid is worked downwards. Weights are often attached to the end of the braid to maintain tension. Around the mirror, Tama (weighted bobbins) hold the threads. The artisan manipulates these tama in specific sequences to create various patterns.

Kumihimo Techniques

Kumihimo braiding on the marudai can produce both round and flat braids, as well as hollow and solid forms. The patterns and complexity of the braids depend on the number of strands and the sequence in which they are moved. Some traditional patterns include the Kongo Gumi (a simple spiral), Edo Yatsu Gumi (an 8-strand braid), and Ryo Gumi (a double helix pattern).

Cultural Significance

Kumihimo braids have played a significant role in Japanese culture. They were used as lacing for samurai armor and helmets, signifying the rank and family of the wearer. In the Edo period (1603–1868), kumihimo became popular as a decorative element in women's kimono ensembles, particularly the obi. Today, kumihimo braids are still used in traditional dress and have found new applications in jewelry, accessories, and interior decoration.

Modern Usage

With the global interest in handicrafts and DIY culture, the marudai and kumihimo braiding have gained popularity beyond Japan. Workshops, online tutorials, and kumihimo kits make it accessible for enthusiasts worldwide to learn this traditional craft. Additionally, modern materials like synthetic fibers and beads are incorporated into kumihimo braids, expanding the possibilities for creative expression.

See Also

• Japanese culture
• Textile arts of Japan
• Handicrafts of Japan

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