Matrix (biology)

Matrix (biology)

File:Extracellular matrix.svg

Illustration of the major elements in extracellular matrix

The matrix in biology refers to the non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs, and primarily consists of water, proteins, and polysaccharides. It provides essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents and initiates crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis.

Composition

The matrix is composed of two main classes of biomolecules: glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibrous proteins. GAGs are polysaccharides that trap water, providing the matrix with a gel-like texture. Fibrous proteins, on the other hand, provide structural support. These include collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin.

Function

The matrix plays a crucial role in the following biological functions:

• Structural support: The matrix provides a scaffold for the cells, helping to maintain the physical structure of the tissue.
• Biochemical signaling: The matrix is involved in cell signaling, influencing cell growth, migration, and differentiation.
• Tissue repair: The matrix plays a key role in the repair and healing of tissues.

Types of Matrix

There are two main types of matrix in biology:

• Extracellular matrix: This is the matrix found outside of cells, primarily in connective tissues. It provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
• Intracellular matrix: This is the matrix found inside cells, providing a scaffold for the cell's internal components.

See also

• Extracellular matrix
• Intracellular matrix
• Connective tissue
• Glycosaminoglycan
• Fibrous protein