MeSH

Mano
File:Human hand with skin.jpg Human hand
Details
Artery	Ulnar artery, Radial artery
Vein	Cephalic vein, Basilic vein
Nerve	Median nerve, Ulnar nerve, Radial nerve
Lymph	Axillary lymph nodes
Identifiers
Latin	Manus
TA98
TH	{{#property:P1694}}
TE	{{#property:P1693}}
FMA	{{#property:P1402}}
Anatomical terminology

The mano (Latin: manus) is a complex anatomical structure at the distal end of the human arm, commonly referred to as the hand. It is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage that allows for a wide range of functions, including grasping, manipulating objects, and sensory perception. The hand is a critical component of human anatomy and plays a vital role in daily activities, communication, and interaction with the environment.

Anatomy

The human hand consists of 27 bones, divided into three main sections: the carpal bones, the metacarpal bones, and the phalanges.

Carpal Bones

The carpal bones are eight small bones that form the wrist, arranged in two rows:

• Proximal row: Scaphoid bone, Lunate bone, Triquetrum bone, Pisiform bone
• Distal row: Trapezium bone, Trapezoid bone, Capitate bone, Hamate bone

Metacarpal Bones

The metacarpal bones are five long bones that form the framework of the palm. They are numbered from one to five, starting with the thumb (pollex).

Phalanges

The phalanges are the bones of the fingers. Each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), except for the thumb, which has two (proximal and distal).

Muscles

The hand is controlled by a complex system of muscles, which are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic groups.

Intrinsic Muscles

These muscles are located within the hand itself and are responsible for fine motor movements. They include:

• Thenar muscles: Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis
• Hypothenar muscles: Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi
• Interossei muscles: Dorsal and palmar interossei
• Lumbricals

Extrinsic Muscles

These muscles originate in the forearm and insert into the hand, providing strength and gross motor function. They include:

• Flexor muscles: Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus
• Extensor muscles: Extensor digitorum, Extensor pollicis longus

Nerve Supply

The hand is innervated by three major nerves:

• Median nerve: Supplies the thenar muscles and the lateral two lumbricals
• Ulnar nerve: Supplies the hypothenar muscles, interossei, and the medial two lumbricals
• Radial nerve: Supplies the extensor muscles

Blood Supply

The blood supply to the hand is primarily provided by the ulnar artery and the radial artery, which form the superficial and deep palmar arches.

Function

The hand is capable of a wide range of movements and functions, including:

• Grasping and holding objects
• Fine motor skills, such as writing and typing
• Sensory perception through touch
• Communication through gestures and sign language

Clinical Significance

The hand is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, such as:

• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Arthritis
• Fractures
• Tendon injuries

Also see

• Wrist
• Finger
• Thumb
• Forearm
• Carpal tunnel syndrome