Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.
Types[edit | edit source]
There are three main types of diabetes mellitus:
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - This type involves the body's immune system attacking and destroying the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body produces little to no insulin. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day to stay alive.
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - This type affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose). In type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.
- Gestational Diabetes - This type occurs in some women during pregnancy when the body becomes less sensitive to insulin. Gestational diabetes does not occur in all women and usually resolves after giving birth.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Common symptoms of diabetes mellitus include:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Increased hunger
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
- Sores that do not heal
- Unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with a blood test. Your doctor may also perform a Glucose Tolerance Test or a Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) Test.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
While there is no cure for diabetes, you can manage the condition and live a healthy lifestyle. Treatment for diabetes includes:
- Insulin Therapy
- Oral Medications
- Dietary Changes
- Regular Exercise
- Regular Blood Sugar Monitoring
Prevention[edit | edit source]
While not all forms of diabetes are preventable, you can reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes by eating healthy foods, getting regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
