Insulin analog

Insulin analogs are bioengineered forms of insulin that, while distinct from any insulin found in nature, can still be utilized by the human body to regulate blood sugar levels, mirroring the functionality of human insulin. Developed through meticulous genetic manipulation, these analogs have modified amino acid sequences which bestow them with unique pharmacokinetic properties in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) officially categorizes these substances as "insulin receptor ligands", they are ubiquitously known as insulin analogs within medical and scientific communities.

Development and Purpose

The primary objective behind the development of insulin analogs is to more effectively mimic the body's natural insulin release pattern and thus improve glycemic control. Natural insulin has limitations when delivered exogenously, particularly in terms of onset, peak, and duration of action. By altering the insulin molecule, these analogs can offer:

Rapid Onset of Action: Facilitating quicker absorption post-injection, useful for controlling postprandial (post-meal) blood sugar surges. Extended Duration of Action: Ensuring a steady, prolonged release, which can simulate the basal insulin secretion and aid in maintaining glycemic levels throughout the day and night.

Classification

Insulin analogs can be broadly classified into two categories based on their action profiles:

Prandial Insulin Analogs:

These are designed for rapid absorption from the injection site, enabling them to act faster than subcutaneously injected natural insulin. They are especially useful for managing blood sugar levels around meal times.

Basal Insulin Analogs:

These analogs provide a sustained release over a time span ranging from 8 to 24 hours. Their prolonged action profile makes them apt for maintaining baseline insulin levels, both during the day and nighttime.

Historical Milestone

The path-breaking achievement in the realm of insulin analogs was the approval of insulin Lispro rDNA for therapeutic purposes. This milestone was accomplished by Eli Lilly and Company, marking the introduction of the first-ever insulin analog into the world of diabetes management.

Insulin analog Resources
Latest articles Most recent articles Ongoing trials	Wikipedia