Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy

Fibrocalculous Pancreatopathy (FCP) is a form of tropical calcific pancreatitis that is unique to developing countries. It is characterized by the presence of calcification in the pancreas, leading to diabetes mellitus and malnutrition.

Etiology

The exact cause of FCP is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. Some researchers suggest that the disease may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The consumption of a diet high in cassava, which contains cyanogenic glycosides, has been implicated in some cases.

Pathophysiology

In FCP, the pancreas undergoes fibrosis and calcification, leading to the destruction of the exocrine and endocrine functions of the organ. This results in malnutrition due to the lack of digestive enzymes and diabetes mellitus due to the loss of insulin production.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with FCP typically present in childhood or adolescence with symptoms of malnutrition and diabetes mellitus. These may include polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss. In severe cases, patients may also present with steatorrhea due to the lack of pancreatic enzymes.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of FCP is made based on clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound of the abdomen may show calcification in the pancreas. Laboratory tests may reveal elevated blood glucose levels and low levels of pancreatic enzymes in the stool.

Treatment

The treatment of FCP is primarily supportive and includes nutritional supplementation and insulin therapy. In severe cases, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) may be required. There is currently no cure for FCP.

Prognosis

The prognosis of FCP is poor, with most patients developing diabetes mellitus and malnutrition. However, with appropriate management, the progression of the disease can be slowed and the quality of life can be improved.

See Also

• Tropical calcific pancreatitis
• Diabetes mellitus
• Malnutrition

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