Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a unique type of diabetes that is common in people diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Unlike other forms of diabetes, CFRD does not have a specific classification as it shares characteristics with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Etiology

The cause of CFRD is multifactorial. The thick mucus that is characteristic of cystic fibrosis can block the ducts of the pancreas, preventing the release of insulin and leading to hyperglycemia. Additionally, the chronic inflammation and infection associated with cystic fibrosis can cause insulin resistance.

Clinical Presentation

The symptoms of CFRD can be subtle and may be mistaken for the normal progression of cystic fibrosis. They include chronic weight loss despite adequate caloric intake, decline in lung function, and increased frequency of respiratory infections.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CFRD can be challenging due to the overlap of symptoms with those of cystic fibrosis. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the most sensitive and commonly used method of diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of CFRD involves a combination of dietary modifications, insulin therapy, and occasionally, oral hypoglycemic agents. The goal of treatment is to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range, to prevent the complications associated with diabetes and to maintain a good quality of life.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with CFRD is good. However, CFRD can significantly impact the lung function and nutritional status of individuals with cystic fibrosis, and therefore, can influence overall prognosis.

See Also

• Cystic fibrosis
• Diabetes
• Insulin
• Pancreas