Measles encephalitis

Measles Encephalitis is a severe and potentially fatal complication of measles, a highly contagious viral disease. It is characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) following a measles infection.

Etiology

Measles encephalitis is caused by the measles virus, a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus is transmitted from person to person via droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of infected individuals.

Clinical Features

The onset of measles encephalitis typically occurs within days to weeks following the initial measles infection. Symptoms may include fever, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, seizures, and altered mental status, including confusion or hallucinations. In severe cases, the condition can lead to coma or death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of measles encephalitis is based on clinical symptoms, history of recent measles infection, and laboratory tests. Lumbar puncture may be performed to examine the cerebrospinal fluid for signs of inflammation and the presence of the measles virus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans may be used to detect changes in the brain.

Treatment

Treatment for measles encephalitis is primarily supportive, including hydration, fever control, and management of seizures. Antiviral medications, such as ribavirin, may be used in some cases.

Prevention

Prevention of measles encephalitis involves vaccination against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.

See Also

• Measles
• Encephalitis
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine