Medical model of disability

Medical Model of Disability

The Medical Model of Disability is a sociopolitical concept that views disability primarily as a medical condition. It is one of the most traditional and widely accepted models of disability, focusing on the individual's physical or mental limitations and the need for medical intervention to improve functionality.

Overview

The Medical Model of Disability is based on the premise that disability is an individual problem, caused by physical, mental, or sensory impairments. This model views disability as something to be fixed or cured through medical intervention, such as surgery, medication, or rehabilitation. The primary focus is on the individual's limitations and how these can be reduced or eliminated.

Criticisms

The Medical Model of Disability has been criticized for its focus on the individual and the medical condition, rather than considering the social and environmental factors that contribute to disability. Critics argue that this model fails to address the societal barriers and discrimination that people with disabilities often face. This has led to the development of alternative models, such as the Social Model of Disability, which emphasizes societal and environmental factors.

Comparison with Other Models

The Medical Model of Disability is often contrasted with the Social Model of Disability. While the Medical Model focuses on the individual's impairment and how to fix it, the Social Model focuses on the societal barriers that hinder full participation in society. Another model, the Biopsychosocial Model of Disability, combines elements of both the Medical and Social Models, considering both individual and societal factors.

Impact on Policy and Practice

The Medical Model of Disability has significantly influenced disability policy and practice. It has shaped the development of medical and rehabilitation services, as well as disability benefits and legislation. However, there has been a shift towards more inclusive models that consider social and environmental factors, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

See Also

• Social Model of Disability
• Biopsychosocial Model of Disability
• United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

References

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