Mediolanum

FORMA URBIS DI MEDIOLANUM

A model in wood of imperial era Mediolanum, Civico museo archeologico di Milano (8441760743)

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Mediolanum was the ancient name of Milan, a city located in the northern region of Italy. It served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire from 286 to 402 AD. The city's history stretches back to its founding by the Insubres, a Celtic people, in the 7th century BC. It later became a part of the Roman Republic in 222 BC, following the Roman conquest of the Po Valley.

History

The early history of Mediolanum is marked by its strategic importance as a military and trading hub. Its location made it a key center in the network of Roman roads, facilitating the movement of troops and trade goods throughout the Roman Empire. The city was notably upgraded by Emperor Maximian, who, along with Diocletian, chose Mediolanum as the seat of the Western Roman Empire, enhancing its status and infrastructure.

During the Roman period, Mediolanum was renowned for its economic prosperity, which was driven by its position on important trade routes. It was also a center of learning and culture, with numerous public buildings, theaters, and baths that showcased the architectural and engineering prowess of the Romans.

The decline of Mediolanum began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The city suffered from the invasions of various barbarian tribes, including the Visigoths, Huns, and Ostrogoths, leading to a period of instability and economic downturn.

Archaeological Significance

Today, the archaeological remains of Mediolanum offer valuable insights into its past glory. Excavations have uncovered parts of the ancient Roman walls, the forum, and several public buildings, including the remains of the Imperial palace. These findings have been crucial in understanding the urban layout and architectural innovations of ancient Roman cities.

Legacy

The legacy of Mediolanum lives on in modern Milan, which has retained its importance as a cultural and economic center in Italy. The city's rich history is reflected in its architecture, from the remnants of its Roman past to the Gothic Milan Cathedral and the modern skyscrapers that define its skyline.