Meerkat

Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) Tswalu

Suricata suricatta (Meerkats), Gordon drawing

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Carlos Guilherme Rodrigues (76515213)

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Zebramanguste01

Zwergmanguste 2007-05-13 052

Crossarchus obscurus Plzen zoo 02.2011

Meerkat (Suricata suricatta), also known as the suricate, is a small mammal belonging to the mongoose family (Herpestidae). It is the only member of the genus Suricata. Meerkats are highly social animals and are known for their upright posture. They are native to the desert regions of southern Africa, where they inhabit open country and sparse woody scrublands. Meerkats have adapted to living in harsh desert conditions, with long days of foraging for food under the scorching sun.

Description

Meerkats are small, standing about 25 to 35 cm (10 to 14 in) tall when upright, and weighing around 0.5 to 2.5 kg (1.1 to 5.5 lb). They have slender bodies, pointed snouts, and long tails, which are not bushy like those of other mongoose species. Their fur is usually fawn-colored with unique stripes across their backs, which serve as camouflage in their natural habitat.

Behavior

Meerkats are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day. They live in large groups called mobs, clans, or gangs, which can consist of up to 50 individuals. Social structure is crucial to their survival, with a complex hierarchy and division of labor. Members of the group take turns performing various duties such as looking out for predators, foraging for food, and taking care of the young.

Diet

Meerkats are primarily insectivores, but their diet can also include other small animals such as lizards, snakes, scorpions, spiders, plants, and eggs. They have an immunity to certain types of venom, including that of the scorpions and snakes found in their habitat.

Reproduction

Meerkats have a breeding season that typically occurs during the warmer months. After a gestation period of about 11 weeks, females give birth to 2 to 5 young. The offspring, known as pups, are born blind and helpless and rely on the entire clan for protection and food.

Habitat and Distribution

Meerkats are found in the arid regions of Namibia, South Africa, and Botswana. They prefer open areas with sparse vegetation, where they dig complex burrow systems with multiple entrances and chambers. These burrows provide protection from extreme temperatures and predators.

Conservation Status

The meerkat is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This classification indicates that the species is at low risk of extinction in the wild. However, they are affected by habitat loss and the illegal pet trade.

Cultural Significance

Meerkats have become popular in culture and media, often portrayed as curious and intelligent animals. They have been the subject of television documentaries and animated films, which has increased public interest in these creatures.