Melogliptin
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Chemical Data
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Melogliptin is a pharmaceutical drug that belongs to the class of medications known as DPP-4 inhibitors. It is primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control in adults.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Melogliptin works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, which is responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 and GIP. These hormones are released in response to meals and help to regulate blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon release. By inhibiting DPP-4, melogliptin prolongs the action of incretin hormones, thereby enhancing insulin secretion and reducing blood glucose levels.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Melogliptin is administered orally and is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It has a bioavailability of approximately 85%. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily via the kidneys. The half-life of melogliptin is approximately 12 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.
Clinical Use[edit | edit source]
Melogliptin is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. It can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or thiazolidinediones. The drug is particularly useful in patients who are unable to achieve adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone.
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of melogliptin include nasopharyngitis, headache, and upper respiratory tract infections. Rare but serious side effects may include pancreatitis and hypersensitivity reactions. Patients should be monitored for signs of pancreatitis and advised to discontinue the drug if symptoms occur.
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
Melogliptin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, and dose adjustments may be necessary.
Research and Development[edit | edit source]
Melogliptin is currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety in various populations, including those with renal impairment and cardiovascular disease. Preliminary studies suggest that it may have a favorable cardiovascular profile, but further research is needed.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Glucagon-like peptide-1
- Metformin
- Sulfonylureas
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