Mercury (element)

Mercury (element) is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

Characteristics

Mercury is a heavy metal that is liquid at room temperature. It has a shiny, silvery appearance and is known for its high surface tension, which causes it to form beads when spilled. Mercury is a poor conductor of heat but a fair conductor of electricity.

Uses

Mercury has many uses, both in the home and in industry. It is used in thermometers, barometers, and other scientific instruments because it expands and contracts evenly with temperature changes. Mercury is also used in some electrical switches and relays, in certain types of light bulbs, and in the production of chlorine and caustic soda.

Health Effects

Exposure to mercury can have serious health effects. It can harm the nervous system, damage the kidneys, and interfere with the development of the brain in unborn and young children. Mercury can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

Environmental Impact

Mercury is a persistent pollutant that can build up in the environment, particularly in water bodies. It can be converted into methylmercury, a highly toxic form that builds up in fish and shellfish and can be harmful to people who eat them.

See Also

• Heavy metals
• Methylmercury
• Thermometers
• Barometers

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