Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGluR8) is a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. It is part of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family, which includes eight different subtypes. mGluR8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in regions involved in motor control and sensory perception.

Structure

mGluR8, like all metabotropic glutamate receptors, is a monomeric protein composed of seven transmembrane domains. The N-terminal domain is located extracellularly and contains the glutamate binding site, while the C-terminal domain is intracellular and interacts with G proteins.

Function

Upon activation by glutamate, mGluR8 initiates a series of intracellular events via its associated G protein. This leads to the inhibition of certain types of voltage-gated calcium channels, reducing the influx of calcium ions into the neuron. This can modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, contributing to the regulation of various physiological processes.

Clinical significance

Alterations in mGluR8 function have been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease. As such, mGluR8 is considered a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. Several mGluR8-specific agonists and antagonists have been developed for research purposes, and some are being investigated for their potential therapeutic applications.

See also

• Metabotropic glutamate receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Glutamate (neurotransmitter)